Top10, 10th Sci. Refraction of Light..🎷

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Definition of light:–
a type the electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 400 nm to 700 nm which is visible to the human eye.

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* What is meant by the reflection of light?

When a ray of light falls on a smooth polished surface and the light ray bounces back at the same angle as it hits the surface., it is called a reflection of light.

* What are the laws of reflection?

1. Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal which are drawn on the point of incidence are all in one plane.
2. Incident ray and reflected ray are on opposite sides of normal.
3. The angle of incidence and angle of reflection are always equal. <i = <r

* Refraction:-

light changes its direction when going from one transparent medium to another transparent medium is called the refraction of light.

The best examples of refraction of light are mirages, advanced sunrises, delayed sunsets, and the twinkling of stars.

* Laws of refraction
1. Incident Ray, refracted Ray, and the normal, they are all on the same plane.
2. Incident ray and refracted ray are on the opposite side of the normal which is drawn at the point of incidence.

* Refractive index depends on the velocity of light in the medium.

* sin i/ sin r =constant= n
Here n is the refractive index of the second medium (concerning) with respect to the first medium, this is given by Snell’s so it is called snails law.

* Some examples of the absolute refractive index of some substances.
Substance refractive index
Air 1.0003

Ice 1.31

Water 1.33

CS2 1.63

Diamond 2.42

* Refraction of light in different media.

1. When a light ray passes from a rare medium to a denser medium, it bends towards the normal.
2. When a light re passes from a denser medium to a lighter medium it bends away from the normal.
3. When light rays pass perpendicularly from one medium to another, their direction does not change.

* Dispersion of light

The phenomenon of separating a beam of white light into its seven constituent colours when passed through a transparent medium such as a prism/ water droplet is called dispersion of light.

* From incident white light how will you obtain white emergent light emergent light by making use of two prisms?

The dispersion produced by the first prism is combined with the second prism.

* You must have seen chandeliers having glass prisms. The light from a tungsten bulb gets dispersed while passing through these prisms and we see the coloured spectrum. If we use an LED light instead of a tungsten bulb, will we be able to see the same effect?
Ans,:- A light-emitting diode does not have all wavelengths of light. Hence the spectrum is not the same.

* What is a partial reflection of light?
When light rays travel from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it is partially reflected means part of some light comes back into the denser medium this is called partial reflection of light.

* Total internal reflection
The rays of light incident at the boundary separating the two media bands away from the normal on refraction means all light enters into the water on reflection.

* Critical angle:-
When light rays retravel from a denser medium to a rare medium the angle of incidence for which the angle of refraction becomes 90° is called the critical angle.

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